Well it would result in the world largest militaries mobilizing and preparing for retaliatory / pre-emptive nuclear strikes then potentially full on military conflicts.
[Terror attack.]
If the terror group was attacking on the behalf of a country then they would be invaded or destroyed. If it was a radical group attack then it would result in another war on terror in whatever country that group came from.
[Answer]
Ultimately the U.S and other countries would be moving Heaven and Earth to find and capture or kill those behind the attack along with the people or group that given them the nuclear device or ability to utilize it, Nuclear weapons leave a print (signature) which can be used to ID the type and origin of it then from there it can be traced to the attackers or location of launch.
[Recovery]
Recovery would take a long time and the amount of death would be inconceivable, Not just from the detonation but the nuclear-fallout that would rain down on countries near by and the effect of the radiation would leave people extremely ill and in pain from the radiation but also dying.
Hi i am glad you are no terrorist that is good it is very bad to be terrrorist. What would happen is Vatican state would be destroyed but vatican state is very small like central park only with big cathedral called a basilica built by the construction company owned by some guy called Donato Bramante. This would probably suffer a lot of damage and have to be rebuilt. Also they might have to get a new pope but they do that all the time it is what the vatican is for they got all these cardinals sitting in jungles and things in Africa and places where they grow bananas they all want to be pope.
The problem for the terrorists is where to get a nuclear bomb because you cannot just build one with glue and parts from radioshack or a hardware store it takes billions of dollars and years and years for a country to build one, and then you got to ask them to give you one for free and maybe they will ask what you are going to do with it. This is important because it will be instantly possible to determine which country made it, and then they will be showered by nuclear warheads containing hydrogen bombs with megadeaths all round and they will wonder if it was worth it just so you could blow up a statue by Michaelangelo and some old guy in a dress.
The Vatican doesn't represent all of Christianity -- just Catholicism. There are many other Christian sects. It is an independent, autonomous nation under the Pope, so rebuilding would be his decision. I'm sure he would because it is also an administrative center of the world's largest Christian sect. But it would be a tragic loss for the whole world because of the art and architecture there.
PS: we know you're not a terrorist. It's okay to wonder.
Mecca becomes a radioactive crater
God will make any bomb bounce.
It would blow up !
i am no terroist first all.and i just want know what would happen,if terrorist attack vatican with nuclear bomb.would it be end christannity relgion?would vatican be rebuilded or not?i dont mean no no harm and just intrested,if it would happen..