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A stampede involves a mass of people (or animals, if you will) running in a single direction at the slightest hint of danger. Of course, not everyone runs at the same speed. Some are elderly people, some have wounds to their legs, and some just aren't fast runners. These people are pushed by those who can run fast and may fall to the ground. Once they fall to the ground, they are at a severe risk of being trampled and killed by all the others who are running. There is generally nothing that can be done once they fall, as everyone is focused on trying to run away to safety.
This is why is it currently illegal to yell, "Fire!" in a crowded theater. Someone in the early 20th century (I believe) yelled that as a joke (harmless they thought) and a few hundred people died in the ensuing stampede. Another incident recently took place at a Walmart during Black Friday: the shoppers were in such a rush to get to the holiday deals and cheap prices that they all began to rush into the two doors. The only problem was that a Walmart Greeter was there to usher the people in and was knocked to the ground. Unfortunately, the greedy people didn't think about safety and the poor employee died even as the shoppers pushed there way in.
A stampede happens when a large crowd of people (or animals) try to pass through a relatively narrow opening. They may be going fast or slow. But at some point the people going through have to slow down, but the people in back do not know this. They keep pushing forward, having no idea that people are being crushed in front of them. The people in front are unable to communicate with the people in back.
People can be crushed standing up, or if somebody falls, s/he may be trampled. Now the opening is further blocked by dead or injured people, making movement even slower and so even more people are crushed.
Some stampedes are caused by fear: e.g. somebody shouting "fire" in a crowded theater. Some stampedes are simply caused by too many people going in the same direction: e.g. fans at a rock concert exiting at the end of a performance.
Stampedes can be prevented by having marshals or ushers, [whatever] directing traffic.
Some stampedes
A few years back, on Black Friday, an African immigrant was killed when shoppers stampeded the store in order to get cheap bargains. There have been several bar/club fires that resulted in stampedes that blocked exits and caused people to die.
I've never heard of a "stempede".
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